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ISA provides technical resources and standards to help industrial automation professionals advance their careers and the field. We enable automation professionals worldwide to solve problems and enhance their skills by bringing people together to create new technologies and share best practices with future automation professionals.-
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White Papers
118 White Papers
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Acoustic Confidence: The Real Commissioning Requirement for Hydrogen-Blend Ultrasonic Flowmeters
In hydrogen-blend ultrasonic metering, the flow equation may remain valid, but acoustic confidence becomes the real commissioning requirement. -
From Compliance to Capability: A Practical SBOM Path for Industrial Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises
For industrial small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), the real challenge is not generating a software bill of materials (SBOM) once but maintaining trustworthy software composition data that supports vulnerability decisions throughout the product lifecycle. -
A Unified Approach to OT Cybersecurity
Operational Technology Cybersecurity Coalition supports the harmonization of cybersecurity standards for industrial and operational technology (OT) systems. -
Fortinet's 2026 State of Operational Technology and Cybersecurity Report
Fortinet's 2026 State of Operational Technology and Cybersecurity Report discusses OT cybersecurity program, process and solution maturity. -
White Paper: Comparing ISASecure, IECEE and Proprietary ISA/IEC 62443 Certification Schemes
Certification to the ISA/IEC 62443 standard can reduce industrial cybersecurity risk and regulatory burden. This overview compares how ISASecure, the IECEE Cybersecurity Program and proprietary certification approaches evaluate compliance. -
White Paper: Secure Deployment of Industrial Communication Protocols - A Risk Management-Based Approach
FieldComm Group, ODVA, OPC Foundation and PROFIBUS & PROFINET International have collaborated to establish a shared operational environment and architecture overview for industrial communication protocols in alignment with EN 40000-1-2. -
White Paper: How Hands-On Mentors Can Help Solve a Big Skills Gap in Manufacturing
The U.S. manufacturing sector is projected to need more than 2 million skilled workers by 2030 just to meet demand, and mentorship is emerging as one of the most practical ways to address that shortfall. -
The State of Industrial Remote Access 2026
Identity-centric, unified and auditable remote access is becoming the operational standard for industrial environments. -
White Paper: Unlocking Efficiency and Reliability: Digital Transformation With AI-Driven Predictive Maintenance
See real-world examples that emphasize quality data, continuous improvement and teamwork for lasting success. -
Automation Professional Salary Survey 2025
We asked about income in 2024 and how it changed in 2025. How do you compare to your industrial automation peers? -
White Paper: Guidance on Secure Integration of AI With Operational Technology
The US Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) offers a new document created jointly with several other cybersecurity agencies around the world focused on safely integrating AI into OT systems. -
White Paper: How Large-Scale AI-Powered Video Intelligence Boosts Manufacturing Efficiency
Advanced AI models trained on video and multimodal data are transforming industrial applications like product quality control and personnel safety. -
Infographic: 2026 Ethernet Roadmap
The refreshed roadmap defines Ethernet’s evolving role in AI, automotive and next-generation connectivity, spotlighting emerging trends shaping tomorrow’s networks. -
2025 OT Security Financial Risk Report
Dragos presents an investigation into the financial impact of cyber incidents involving OT assets and provides important estimation of potential future OT cyber breach losses. -
O-PAS Conformant Communication Model for IEC 61499 and IEC 61131 Interoperability
Preliminary results show that the communication layer based on OPC UA on a 61499 environment successfully enables integration with other standards. -
Enterprise Automation Index 2025
Redwood Software's report discusses trends, benchmarks and insights into automation an AI readiness. -
Reshoring Initiative 2024 Annual Report
The Reshoring Initiative’s Annual Report provides detailed data and analysis on U.S. reshoring by domestic companies and foreign direct investment (FDI) by foreignheadquartered firms shifting production or sourcing to the U.S. -
Honeywell 2025 Cyber Threat Report
Honeywell's 2025 Cyber Threat Report delivers data, insights and context to help you better understand and prepare for potential threats. -
Your Career Path in IACS - Technical and Managerial
Four possible career paths in IACS are Technical, Managerial, Sales and Academic. Understanding the career options and the required competencies can help you align your aspirations with your strengths. -
Advice on Specifying the Best Variable Frequency Drive
The latest installment of the Ask the Automation Pros series from ISA describes what to consider when specifying variable frequency drives (VFDs) for pump motors. This paper provides additional information. -
Briefing: AI Risks to Critical Infrastructure
This briefing document provides an analysis of the implications and applications of artificial intelligence (AI) within the context of critical infrastructure (CI) sectors in the United States, with a particular focus on the energy sector. -
Advice on How to Specify the Best Control Valve Characteristics
The latest installment of the Ask the Automation Pros series from ISA describes what to consider when specifying process control valves. This paper provides additional information. -
Measuring the Full Value of Robotic Automation
The white paper highlights the limitations of traditional ROI calculations in capturing the full value of automation systems provided by the world’s top integrators and proposes an updated model. -
OT Security Insights 2024
A proactive, adaptive approach to OT security is critical to safeguarding against the growing complexity of cyberthreats targeting critical infrastructure systems. -
2024 Industrial Automation Professional Salary Survey
Automation.com, a subsidiary of International Society of Automation (ISA), surveyed automation professionals from around the world about their 2023-2024 gross salaries. -
Is 40-year Battery Life a Reality?
This white paper explains why lithium thionyl chloride (LiSOCL₂) batteries are unrivaled, lasting up to 40 years. -
Whitepaper: Benefits and Challenges of AI in Mining and Metals
Authors from the ISA Mining and Metals Industry Division showcase actual and emerging use cases, related standards and best practices. -
The 'Logic' of Single Loop Logic Solvers
A Single Loop Logic Solver (or Safety Trip Alarm) monitors a temperature, pressure, level, flow, position or status variable. -
The Transformative Role of Generative AI in Predictive Maintenance
Discover how Generative AI transforms predictive maintenance in this white paper by Siemens Senseye Predictive Maintenance. -
How AIoT Technologies Drive Manufacturing Digitalization
Automation.com and Hikvision have jointly released a white paper that explores how AIoT is helping manufacturers work more effectively. -
Functionally Safe Drive Technology Module for Cobots
The collaboration between a customer and MESCO Engineering in the development of a functionally safe drive technology module for cobots with MESCO Safety Design Packages has set new standards. -
The Details of Signal Isolators, Converters and Interfaces
By using the right signal interface instruments, in the right ways, potential problems can be easily avoided well before they boil over... quite literally in some cases. -
Why You Should Consider Using Isolated Measurement Systems
This white paper explores the concept of electrical isolation, its benefits and the potential risks associated with non-isolated systems. -
PCs and Industrial Computers - Key Differences and How to Choose
Industrial computers have different use cases and operating environments from commercially available, desktop consumer PCs. Read the white paper by Sealevel Systems to learn more. -
Enhancing Efficiency and Safety for Distillation Columns
Dive into the white paper where Moore Industries covers how temperature stratification can impact efficiency and safety within distillation columns and how they must be monitored and mitigated. -
Zscaler's 2024 Ransomware Report
The report uncovered a record-breaking ransomware payment–nearly double the highest publicly known ransomware payout. -
The Rise of Web-Based and RDS Session-Based HMI
Easy installation and low maintenance are two major benefits that manufactures can gain by deploying Remote Desktop Services and Web Based SCADA/HMI on the plant floors. -
2024 Industrial AI Survey
Factories using AI-powered digital twin solutions are three times more confident about meeting their 2024 targets than those that do not use AI-powered digital twin solutions. -
IIoT System Implementation and Certification Based on ISA/IEC 62443 Standards
This report explores the use of the ISA/IEC 62443 series of standards for industrial automation and control systems (IACS) that include cloud-based functionality (i.e., industrial internet of things (IIoT)). -
The True Costs of Downtime 2024
The Siemens report highlights industry-specific costs of unplanned downtime, with automotive and heavy industry sectors experiencing higher costs compared to oil and gas. -
Control Using First-Principles Models
This article by ISA Fellow Russ Rhinehart explains first-principles models. -
Wireless Deployment Challenges in Construction - A 5G Strategy
This whitepaper explores deploying wireless communication networks within construction projects and introduces a comparison approach to assess deployment difficulty at each project phase. -
Building Industrial IoT Systems in 2024
The survey data provides insights into the trends in technology, processes and politics of IIoT implementation. -
10 Areas Manufacturers Might See an Impact from AI
John Davis, CTO at Global Shop Solutions, discusses 10 areas Artificial Intelligence (AI) could make an impact for manufacturers. -
2023 Industrial Automation Professional Salary Survey
Automation.com, a subsidiary of International Society of Automation (ISA), surveyed automation professionals from around the world about their 2022 gross salaries. -
Zscaler ThreatLabz 2023 Enterprise IoT and OT Threat Report
As IoT devices become more common in industrial and enterprise settings, the risk from IoT-specific malware is increasing dramatically. Cybersecurity leader Zscaler has released a research report that tracks these risks and highlights trends in the IoT malware landscape. -
Leveraging the Potential of MQTT in Industry 4.0
In this white paper, Sparkplug and OPC UA are compared as MQTT-based solutions according to the requirements of the Industry 4.0 scenarios Plug & Work and Condition Monitoring. -
Choosing the Right Logic Solver for Safety Instrumented Systems
This white paper offers guidance for safety instrumented system professionals, helping you make informed decisions when selecting a logic solver that suits your safety requirements. -
Machine Vision Streamlines Supply Chains
Technology advances make vision systems more flexible and effective, enabling faster and more accurate manufacturing, packaging and distribution. -
Position Paper: Achieving Sustainability Goals with Automation
Automation has a significant role to play in achieving sustainability goals–offering new ways to accelerate environmental, social and governance (ESG) activities across manufacturing, industry and beyond.